The flame temperature of pure acetone is 1980 ☌. This acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation was eventually abandoned when newer methods with better yields were found. Previously, acetone was produced by the dry distillation of acetates, for example calcium acetate in ketonic decarboxylation.Ĭa ( CH 3 COO ) 2 ⟶ CaO ( s ) + CO 2 ( g ) + ( CH 3 ) 2 CO ↓ Īfter that time, during World War I, acetone was produced using acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum bacteria, which was developed by Chaim Weizmann (later the first president of Israel) in order to help the British war effort, in the preparation of Cordite. Other processes involve the direct oxidation of propylene ( Wacker-Hoechst process), or the hydration of propylene to give 2-propanol, which is oxidized (dehydrogenated) to acetone. In the cumene process, benzene is alkylated with propylene to produce cumene, which is oxidized by air to produce phenol and acetone: Approximately 83% of acetone is produced via the cumene process as a result, acetone production is tied to phenol production. Current method Īcetone is produced directly or indirectly from propene. Spot price of acetone in summer 20–1250 USD/tonne in the United States. INEOS Phenol also owns the world's largest production site (420,000 tonnes/annum) in Beveren (Belgium). The largest producer of acetone is INEOS Phenol, owning 17% of the world's capacity, with also significant capacity (7–8%) by Mitsui, Sunoco and Shell in 2010. With 1.56 million tonnes per year, the United States had the highest production capacity, followed by Taiwan and mainland China. In 2010, the worldwide production capacity for acetone was estimated at 6.7 million tonnes per year. During World War I, Chaim Weizmann developed the process for industrial production of acetone (Weizmann Process). Johann Josef Loschmidt had presented the structure of acetone in 1861, but his privately published booklet received little attention. In 1865, the German chemist August Kekulé published the modern structural formula for acetone. By 1852, English chemist Alexander William Williamson realized that acetone was methyl acetyl the following year, the French chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt concurred. In 1833, French chemists Antoine Bussy and Michel Chevreul decided to name acetone by adding the suffix -one to the stem of the corresponding acid (viz, acetic acid) just as a similarly prepared product of what was then confused with margaric acid was named margarone. In 1832, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas and German chemist Justus von Liebig determined the empirical formula for acetone. History Īcetone was first produced by Andreas Libavius in 1606 by distillation of lead(II) acetate. The prefix refers to acetone's relation to vinegar ( acetum in Latin, also the source of the words "acid" and "acetic"), rather than its chemical structure. Unlike many compounds with the acet- prefix having a 2-carbon chain, acetone has a 3-carbon chain which has caused confusion since there cannot be a ketone with 2 carbons. Names derived from mesit include mesitylene and mesityl oxide which were first synthesised from acetone. Prior to the "acetone" name given by Antoine Bussy, it was named "mesit" (from the Greek μεσίτης, meaning mediator) by Carl Reichenbach who also claimed that methyl alcohol consisted of mesit and ethyl alcohol. Those names include spirit of Saturn, which was given when it was thought to be a compound of lead, and later pyro-acetic spirit and pyro-acetic ester. Name įrom the 17th century and before modern developments in organic chemistry nomenclature, acetone was given many different names. Ketogenic diets that increase ketone bodies (acetone, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) in the blood are used to counter epileptic attacks in children who suffer from refractory epilepsy. People with diabetic ketoacidosis produce it in larger amounts. It is normally present in blood and urine. Īcetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. It has volatile organic compound (VOC)-exempt status in the United States. It serves as a solvent in household products such as nail polish remover and paint thinner. It is a common building block in organic chemistry. About 6.7 million tonnes were produced worldwide in 2010, mainly for use as a solvent and for production of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A, which are precursors to widely used plastics. It is a colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.Īcetone is miscible with water and serves as an important organic solvent in industry, home, and laboratory. It is the simplest and smallest ketone ( >C=O). Acetone ( 2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2CO.
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